Uvodna sekcija (tematski format)
Tema 1
Tema 2
Tema 3
Tema 4
Tema 5
Pasiv i aktiv Unit 8A 8B
Unit 8
str.62 u udzbeniku
koristite ovaj recnik za nove reci: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pronunciation/english/
procitajte tekst Natural disasters
uradite vezbe iz radne sveske na str. 40
zatim predjite na gramatiku:
Active and passive voice
Transitive verbs have both active and passive forms:
Tense
Subject
Verb
Object
Simple Present
Active:
Rita
writes
a letter.
Passive:
A letter
is written
by Rita.
Simple Past
Active:
Rita
wrote
a letter.
Passive:
A letter
was written
by Rita.
Present Perfect
Active:
Rita
has written
a letter.
Passive:
A letter
has been written
by Rita.
Future I
Active:
Rita
will write
a letter.
Passive:
A letter
will be written
by Rita.
Use of Passive
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.
Example: My bike was stolen.
In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.
Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:
Example: A mistake was made.
In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).
>Mixed Exercise on Passive Voice
Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.
- John collects money. -
- Anna opened the window. -
- We have done our homework. -
- I will ask a question. -
- He can cut out the picture. -
- The sheep ate a lot. -
- We do not clean our rooms. -
- William will not repair the car. -
- Did Sue draw this circle? -
- Could you feed the dog? -
Uradite vezbe iz knjige kao ii z radne sveske na strani 41
Usvojite nov vokabular iz unit-a 8B na strani 64
Zatim pogledajte deo iz gramatike QUANTIFIERS na strani 65
A quantifier is a word or phrase which is used before a noun to indicate the amount or quantity:
'Some', 'many', 'a lot of' and 'a few' are examples of quantifiers.Quantifiers can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns.
Examples:
There are some books on the desk
He's got only a few dollars.
How much money have you got?
There is a large quantity of fish in this river.
He's got more friends than his sister.Examples of quantifiers
With Uncountable Nouns
- much
- a little/little/very little *
- a bit (of)
- a great deal of
- a large amount of
- a large quantity of
With Both
- all
- enough
- more/most
- less/least
- no/none
- not any
- some
- any
- a lot of
- lots of
- plenty of
With Countable Nouns
- many
- a few/few/very few **
- a number (of)
- several
- a large number of
- a great number of
- a majority of
· * NOTE
· little, very little mean that there is not enough of something.
a little means that there is not a lot of something, but there is enough.· ** NOTE
· few, very few mean that there is not enough of something.
a few means that there is not a lot of something, but there is enough.uradite vezbe iz knjge na strani 65, a zatim i u radnoj svesci na strani 42
evo i dodatnih vezbanja:
1. There are __ biscuits in the packet.
- a few
- a little
- a lot
2. We've got __ time before the plane leaves.
- a few
- a little
- a lot
3. 'Few of my students remember the third person singular 's' ending on verbs'' means that::
- not many students understand (maybe 2 or 3)
- some students understand (maybe 6 or 7)
- none of my students understand (0 students)
4. He always gets __ presents than his sister on his birthday.
- a lot of
- fewer
- less
5. I have __ money than you.
- a lot
- fewer
- less
6. There are __ people in the supermarket today.
- a lot
- fewer
- little
7. She has __ friends.
- lot of
- lots of
- a lot
8. He earns __ money.
- a lot
- a lot of
- lots
9. She wears __ gold jewellery.
- lots
- a lot
- lots of
10. He eats __.
- lots of
- a lot
- fewer
11. Do you like hip-hop music?
Yes, __- lots of
- much
- a lot
12. There's __ money in my wallet.
- few
- much
- a little
13. They have __ information on their website.
- much
- few
- very little
14. They have __ customers.
- very little
- very few
- a lot
15. He eats __ sweet food.
- lots of
- few
- a lot
16. He has __ free time.
- lots
- few
- a lot of
17. There's only __ milk left in the fridge.
- lots
- a few
- a little
18. You smoke __
- much
- a lot
- few
19. He doesn't earn __
- fewer
- little
- a lot
20. I have __ good friends.
- a few
- a lot
- little
Unit 8C 8D Prefixes/ Giving advice
Unit 8C, strana 66, student’s book
Speaking: teme iz vezbe 1 na str. 66
Procitati tekst Dangers at Sea
Proveriti znacenje i izgovor reci: conscious estimate a park ranger harm a lifeguard attach
Kliknuti ovde za recnik:
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pronunciation/english/
Prefixes for making opposites
1. What are prefixes?
Prefixes are affixes. We can add prefixes (placed before the stem of the word) to adjectives to form new words.
2. Which prefixes are used to form opposites of adjectives?
The following prefixes are used to form opposites of adjectives: un-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, and non-.
2.1. un-
Adjective
Opposite
Sarah is a married woman.
Lisa is an unmarried woman.
2.2. il-, im-, in-, ir-
Adjective
Opposite
This is a legal activity.
That is an illegal activity.
This is a polite boy.
That is an impolite boy.
This is a direct object.
That is an indirect object.
This is a regular verb.
That is an irregular verb.
- il- goes before the letter l (illegal)
- im- goes before the letter p (impolite)
- ir- goes before the letter r (irregular)
2.3. non-
Adjective
Opposite
This is a returnable bottle.
That is a non-returnable bottle.
Note:
In American English the hyphen after non- is normally left out. (nonreturnable)
Uraditi vezbu u knjizi na strani 67
Uraditi vezbe na strani 43 u radnoj svesci
Dodatna vezba:
Write the opposites of the following adjectives:
legal →
· complete →
· dependent →
· clean →
· secure →
· friendly →
· perfect →
· intelligent →
· paid →
8C Warning and advice
A warning is something that makes us aware of possible danger. There are a number of ways of warning someone. Warnings can be weak or strong.
Weak warnings
Weak warnings are similar to advice. We can use a number of phrases:
I wouldn’t swim there if I were you.
I don’t think you should drink the water here.
I don’t think you ought to say no to the job offer. (more formal)
A word of warning, there are snakes on the trails. (Be careful)
Strong warnings
We usually use don’t in strong warnings:
Don’t cross the road when the pedestrian light is red.
Don’t try to open the door when the train is moving.
Whatever you do, don’t take a lift from an unofficial taxi driver.
Sometimes we say I warn you or I must warn you:
It’s a wonderful restaurant but, I warn you, it isn’t cheap.
I must warn you it gets very cold at night in the mountains. Make sure to bring some warm clothes.
Useful phrases when giving advice:
- ... might work.
- ... would probably work.
- ... (always) works for me.
- If I was/were in your place, I'd ...
- If that happened to me/In that case/If I had that problem, I'd ...
- My (main/personal) recommendation is/would be ...
- You'd better ...
- In this (kind of) situation, I (would) always recommend/advise ...
- Should
- Ought to
- Had Better
- Why not …? and why don’t …?
- Conditional
- Would
- Imperative
- How about/what about + -ing?
- Let’s … and let’s not …
- Could
- Can’t you …?
Uraditi vezbe na strani 69 u knjizi kao in a strani 44 u radnoj svesci
Relative clauses Unit 9A 9B
Strana 70, Student’s book
Procitati tekst Just Juice
Odgovoriti na pitanja u vezi sa tekstom na strani 70
RELATIVE CLAUSES WITH WHO, THAT, WHICH, WHERE, WHOSE AND WHEN
We use relative clauses to give additional information about something without starting another sentence. By combining sentences with a relative clause, your text becomes more fluent and you can avoid repeating certain words.
How to Form Relative Clauses
Imagine, a girl is talking to Tom. You want to know who she is and ask a friend whether he knows her. You could say:
A girl is talking to Tom. Do you know the girl?
That sounds rather complicated, doesn't it? It would be easier with a relative clause: you put both pieces of information into one sentence. Start with the most important thing – you want to know who the girl is.
Do you know the girl …
As your friend cannot know which girl you are talking about, you need to put in the additional information – the girl is talking to Tom. Use „the girl“ only in the first part of the sentence, in the second part replace it with the relative pronoun (for people, use the relative pronoun „who“). So the final sentence is:
Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom?
relative pronoun
use
example
who
subject or object pronoun for people
I told you about the woman who lives next door.
which
subject or object pronoun for animals and things
Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof?
which
referring to a whole sentence
He couldn’t read, which surprised me.
whose
possession for people animals and things
Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse?
whom
object pronoun for people, especially in non-defining relative clauses (in defining relative clauses we colloquially prefer who)
I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference.
that
subject or object pronoun for people, animals and things in defining relative clauses (who or which are also possible)
I don’t like the table that stands in the kitchen.
when
in/on which
refers to a time expression
the day when we met him
where
in/at which
refers to a place
the place where we met him
why
for which
refers to a reason
the reason why we met him
Uraditi vezbe na strani 71 u knjizi kao i na strani 45 u radnoj svesci
Dodatna vezba:
Add the phrase in brackets to the sentence using a relative clause. If it's possible, you should drop the relative pronoun:
1) The doctor was sick (I wanted to see the doctor)
[ . ]
2) The accountant was arrested (the accountant works for my father's company)
[ . ]
3) I wrote to the friend (you met the friend last week)
[ . ]
4) The mobile phone can't be fixed (the mobile phone is broken)
[ . ]
5) John made a copy of the photo (I took the photo)
[ . ]
6) I met a girl (the girl was a doctor)
[ . ]
7) We called a doctor (the doctor works at a hospital in London)
[ . ]
8) We like the actor (the actor was in a famous film)
[ . ]
9) I went to the restaurant (I read about the restaurant in the newspaper)
[ . ]
10) She bought a car (her sister liked the car)
[ . ]
Unit 9B
Collocations: the news
Uraditi vezbu 2 na strani 72
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE FOR PASSIVE
Forming Present Perfect Passive
Affirmative Form
Object + have / has + been + verb3 (past participle)
Question Form
Have / has + object + been + verb3 (past participle)
Something has been done by someone at sometime up to now.
Active : They have cleaned the clinic.
Passive: The clinic has been cleaned by them.
Active : Thomas has written many books.
Passive: Many books have been written by Thomas.
Active : Have the police caught the man?
Passive: Has the man been caught by the police?
Active : UPS has delivered the letters.
Passive: The letters have been delivered by UPS.Put the following sentences into passive voice. (present perfect passive)
1. Has the surgeon performed the operation?
?2. Has Lionel signed the contract?
?3. Our salesmen have sold all the carpets.
.4. The zookeepers have captured the lion in the forest.
.5. Dr. Phillips have treated all the patients.
.6. Have the customers paid you?
?7. Everybody has approved Joana's suggestion.
Uraditi vezbe u knjizi na strani 73 i u radnoj svesci na strani 47
Linking words 9C 9D
Unit 9C
Human behaviour
Procitati tekst na strani 74 i odgovoriti na pitanja
We use linking words to join ideas together when we're talking or writing. Sometimes we want to link two ideas that are different from each other (for example, one is a positive idea and one is a negative idea) or we want to link one idea to another one which is surprising or unexpected. We can use linking words like 'however', 'although' and 'despite' to do this.
Although
We can use 'although' at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. It is used in front of a clause (a clause has at least a subject and a verb that agrees with the subject).- Although the weather is bad, I love London.
- I love London, although the weather is bad.
Despite / in spite of
We use 'despite' or 'in spite of' before a noun or a gerund. It can also go in the middle or at the beginning of a sentence. 'Despite' and 'in spite of' mean exactly the same thing. You can choose whichever one you like! If you want to use 'despite' or 'in spite of' before a clause, you need to add 'the fact that'.- I love London despite the bad weather.
- I love London in spite of the bad weather.
- Despite the bad weather, I love London.
- In spite of the bad weather, I love London.
- Despite the fact that the weather is bad, I love London.
- In spite of the fact that the weather is bad, I love London.
- I love London despite the fact that the weather is bad.
- I love London in spite of the fact that the weather is bad.
However
We use 'although' and 'despite / in spite of' to connect two clauses in the same sentence. On the other hand, 'however' isn't used to connect two clauses. Instead, we usually put the two ideas in two separate sentences. We put 'however' in the second sentence, and we can put it at the beginning, at the end, or after the subject.- I love London. However, the weather is bad.
- I love London. The weather, however, is bad.
- I love London. The weather is bad, however.
Uraditi vezbe u knjizi na strani 75 kao i u radnoj svesci na strani 48
Dodatna vezba:
Choose 'despite', 'however' or 'although'.
1)
the rain, we still went to the park.
[ . ]
2)
it was raining, we still went to the park.
[ . ]
3) It was raining.
, we still went to the park.
[ . ]
4) John bought the watch,
the fact that it was expensive.
[ . ]
5) John bought the watch.
, it was expensive.
[ . ]
6)
it was expensive, John bought the watch.
[ . ]
7) I finished the homework. It,
, wasn't easy..
[ . ]
8) I finished the homework,
it wasn't easy.
[ . ]
9)
the fact that it wasn't easy, I finished the homework.
[ . ]
10) She went for a long walk,
being cold.
[ . ]
9D At the doctor’s
Proveriti znacenje i izgovor reci sa strane u 76
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pronunciation/english
uraditi vezbe 2 i 5 na strani 76 i vezbe 7 i 8 na strani 77
radna sveska: strana 49, sve vezbe
Unit 10A 10B
Unit 10A, strana 78
Collocations
GRAMMAR was/were going to, was/were supposed to
It is used to indicate obligations or responsibilities.
It supports the verb "to be" to indicate the time, either present or past.
When we speak of the verb "Supposed" it implies that someone expects us to do some activity in the past or the future.
Be + supposed to + infinitive
Be supposed can mean: have to, should, required to, expected to or allowed to.
Was/were going to
Was / were going to + infinitive
We use was/were going to, to talk about plans we made in the past which didnʼt happen, or wonʼt happen in the future.
We were going to visit the Bradleys later that year, but we didnʼt go for.
+
Vezbe u knjizi strana 79 i radna sveska 50
Unit 10B, strana 80
Describing people
Vocabulary, strana 80
MODAL VERBS OF DEDUCTION
We can use modal verbs for deduction – guessing if something is true using the available information. The modal verb we choose shows how certain we are about the possibility. This page focuses on making deductions about the present or future.
must
We use must when we feel sure that something is true or it's the only realistic possibility.
This must be her house. I can see her car in the garage.
He must live near here because he always walks to work.
Come inside and get warm. You must be freezing out there!might, may, could
We use might, may or could to say that we think something is possible but we're not sure.
She's not here yet. She might be stuck in traffic.
He's not answering. He could be in class.
We regret to inform you that some services may be delayed due to the bad weather.They all have the same meaning, but may is more formal than might and could.
can't
We use can't when we feel sure that something is not possible.
It can't be far now. We've been driving for hours.
She can't know about the complaint. She's promoted him to team leader.
It can't be easy for him, looking after three kids on his own.Note that these verbs, like all modal verbs, are followed by an infinitive without to.
For each sentence, choose between can't, might or must to fill each space.
1. Your mother be a great cook. You are always so keen to get back home to eat!
2. I don't know why I am so tired these days. I be working too hard. Or maybe I am not sleeping too well.
3. Do you know where Carl is? He be out - his car keys are on the table.
4. You seem to know everything about the theatre. You go every week.
5. To give the promotion to Harold was silly. He know much about this company after only a year working here.
6. Go and look in the kitchen for your gloves. They be in there.
7. Oh, the phone is ringing. Answer it. It be Kate. She always rings at this time.
8. Dan has been drinking that whiskey since early this afternoon. He be totally drunk by now.
9. That couple think much of this film. They're leaving already - after only 20 minutes!
10. That's the second new car they have bought this year. They be very rich!
+ vezbe u knjizi na strani 81 i u radnoj svesci na strani 51 i 52
Unic 10C 10D
Unit 10 C, strana 82
Vocabulary and reading: For Better For Worse
Procitati tekst i uraditi vezbe sa glagolom GET
Phrasal Verbs with Get
A phrasal verb is a combination of two or more words, usually a verb and preposition, which acts as one word.
The meaning of the phrasal verb is different to the meaning of the words when separated. For example, to "get away" means to go on holiday, which is different from the meaning of the word "get"on its own.
Phrasal verbs are common in both spoken and written English, so we should practise them as often as possible.
This lesson focuses on phrasal verbs using the verb get.
Here is a list of phrasal verbs with their meanings.
Get Phrasal Verbs
get up to – do
get on with (someone) – have a good relationship
get over (something/someone) – recover from
get away with (something) – be successful in something
get at (someone) – criticise someone repeatedly
get rid of (something) – remove/throw away something
get out of (doing something) – avoid something you don’t want to do
get off lightly – to experience less trouble than expected
get through to (someone) – successfully explain something
get wound up (about something) – get angry about something
talk about wedding- strana 83, student’s book
Unit 10D, student’s book, strana 84
Asking for, Giving and Refusing Permission
1. Asking for Permission
- Can I…
E.g. Can I borrow your pen?
- Could I …
E.g. Could I use your phone, please?
- Is it OK if I…
E.g. Is it OK if I use your computer for a minute?
- Do you mind if I…
E.g. Do you mind if I close the window?
- Would it be OK if…
E.g. Would it be OK if I left a little early?
- Would you mind if…
E.g. Would you mind if I smoked?
- Would you mind…
E.g. Would you mind opening that window?
- I wonder if I…
E.g. I wonder if I could borrow $200.
- I wonder if you’d mind …
E.g. I wonder if you’d mind taking a picture of me?
+ vezbe u radnoj svesci na strani 53 i 54
Unit 11A 11B
Unit 11A
Student’s book, p. 86, vocabulary, collocations
REPORTED SPEECH
We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell'. (Click here for more about using 'say' and 'tell'.) If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence:
- Direct speech: I like ice cream.
- Reported speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream.
We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the 'person' from 'I' to 'she', for example. We also may need to change words like 'my' and 'your'.
(As I'm sure you know, often, we can choose if we want to use 'that' or not in English. I've put it in brackets () to show that it's optional. It's exactly the same if you use 'that' or if you don't use 'that'.)But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses in the reported speech:
- Direct speech: I like ice cream.
- Reported speech: She said (that) she liked ice cream.
Tense
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
present simple
I like ice cream
She said (that) she liked ice cream.
present continuous
I am living in London
She said (that) she was living in London.
past simple
I bought a car
She said (that) she had bought a car OR She said (that) she bought a car.
past continuous
I was walking along the street
She said (that) she had been walking along the street.
present perfect
I haven't seen Julie
She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie.
past perfect*
I had taken English lessons before
She said (that) she had taken English lessons before.
will
I'll see you later
She said (that) she would see me later.
would*
I would help, but..”
She said (that) she would help but...
can
I can speak perfect English
She said (that) she could speak perfect English.
could*
I could swim when I was four
She said (that) she could swim when she was four.
shall
I shall come later
She said (that) she would come later.
should*
I should call my mother
She said (that) she should call her mother
might*
I might be late
She said (that) she might be late
must
I must study at the weekend
She said (that) she must study at the weekend OR She said she had to study at the weekend
* doesn't change.
+ radna sveska, strana 55 i 56
Unit 11B
Student’s book , p.86
Vocabulary related to jobs
Reported Questions
So now you have no problem with making reported speech from positive and negative sentences. But how about questions?
- Direct speech: Where do you live?
How can we make the reported speech here?
In fact, it's not so different from reported statements. The tense changes are the same, and we keep the question word. The very important thing though is that, once we tell the question to someone else, it isn't a question any more. So we need to change the grammar to a normal positive sentence. A bit confusing? Maybe this example will help:- Direct speech: Where do you live?
- Reported speech: She asked me where I lived.
Do you see how I made it? The direct question is in the present simple tense. We make a present simple question with 'do' or 'does' so I need to take that away. Then I need to change the verb to the past simple.
Another example:- Direct speech: Where is Julie?
- Reported speech: She asked me where Julie was.
The direct question is the present simple of 'be'. We make the question form of the present simple of be by inverting (changing the position of)the subject and verb. So, we need to change them back before putting the verb into the past simple.
Here are some more examples:
Direct Question
Reported Question
Where is the Post Office, please?
She asked me where the Post Office was.
What are you doing?
She asked me what I was doing.
Who was that fantastic man?
She asked me who that fantastic man had been.
So much for 'wh' questions. But, what if you need to report a 'yes / no' question? We don't have any question words to help us. Instead, we use 'if':- Direct speech: Do you like chocolate?
- Reported speech: She asked me if I liked chocolate.
No problem? Here are a few more examples:
Direct Question
Reported Question
Do you love me?
He asked me if I loved him.
Have you ever been to Mexico?
She asked me if I had ever been to Mexico.
Are you living here?
She asked me if I was living here.
Reported Requests
There's more! What if someone asks you to do something (in a polite way)? For example:
- Direct speech: Close the window, please
- Or: Could you close the window please?
- Or: Would you mind closing the window please?
All of these requests mean the same thing, so we don't need to report every word when we tell another person about it. We simply use 'ask me + to + infinitive':
- Reported speech: She asked me to close the window.
Here are a few more examples:
Direct Request
Reported Request
Please help me.
She asked me to help her.
Please don't smoke.
She asked me not to smoke.
Could you bring my book tonight?
She asked me to bring her book that night.
Could you pass the milk, please?
She asked me to pass the milk.
Would you mind coming early tomorrow?
She asked me to come early the next day.
To report a negative request, use 'not':
- Direct speech: Please don't be late.
- Reported speech: She asked us not to be late.
Reported Orders
And finally, how about if someone doesn't ask so politely? We can call this an 'order' in English, when someone tells you very directly to do something. For example:
- Direct speech: Sit down!
In fact, we make this into reported speech in the same way as a request. We just use 'tell' instead of 'ask':
- Reported speech: She told me to sit down.
Direct Order
Reported Order
Go to bed!
He told the child to go to bed.
Don't worry!
He told her not to worry.
Be on time!
He told me to be on time.
Don't smoke!
He told us not to smoke.
+radna sveska strana 57, vezbe
Unit 11C 11D
Unit 11C, student’s book, p.90
Reading
Read the text and answer the questions
Reporting verbs
1: SAY
Let's look first at the verbs we've already talked about. The basic verb pattern for using 'say' for reported speech is:
say + (that) + clause- She said (that) she had already eaten.
(The direct speech for this is "I've already eaten".)
2: TELL
On the other hand, with 'tell' we need to use an object, a person who we tell the information to. See also my page about the difference between 'say' and 'tell' here.
tell + someone + (that) + clause- I told John (that) I had seen the new film.
(The direct speech for this is "I've seen the new film".)
When we are reporting orders, we can also use another pattern with 'tell':
tell + someone + to + infinitive- She told the children to go to bed.
3: ASK
We use 'ask' to report questions or requests. For questions we use the pattern:
ask + someone + if / question word + clause- I asked my boss if I could leave early.
- She asked them where the station was.
For requests we use the pattern:
ask + someone + to + infinitive- I asked Lucy to pass me the salt.
(Remember, my first two examples with 'ask' are no longer real questions, so we use the normal sentence word order. We don't use inversion. We say 'she asked them where the station was', NOT
'she asked them where was the station'. You can read more about this on my page about indirect questions and on my page about reported speech.)
Other reporting verbs follow a variety of patterns. I'm afraid there aren't any rules about which verbs follow which patterns. You need to learn each one.
4: ADVISE*
(= Give someone advice. Notice the different spelling for the verb and the noun.)
Advise + someone + to + infinitive- She advised him to see a doctor.
Advise + (that) + clause
- The staff advise that you carry water at all times.
Advise + against + verb-ing
- I'd advise against leaving early.
5: AGREE
Agree + to + infinitive- We agreed to meet the following day.
Agree + (that) + clause
- I agreed that the children could do their homework later.
6: APOLOGISE
Apologise + (to + someone) + for + verb-ing- They apologised to us for being late.
- She apologised for forgetting the book.
Apologise (+ to + someone) + for + noun
- She apologised for the delay.
7: DECIDE
Decide + to + infinitive- They decided to go to the cinema.
Decide + (that) + clause
- They decided that they would go to the cinema.
8: ENCOURAGE
Encourage + someone + to + infinitive- She encouraged him to take the exam again.
- The teacher encouraged the students to ask questions.
9: EXPLAIN
Explain + (that) + clause- The teacher explained that the course was finished.
Explain + noun + to + someone
- She explained the grammar to the students.
NOT:
She explained me the grammar.
Explain + question word + to + infinitive- They explained how to buy a train ticket on the internet.
- John explained where to find the restaurant.
Explain + question word + clause
- We explained what the exams would cover.
10: INSIST*
Insist + on + verb-ing- He insisted on paying.
Insist + (that) + clause
- He insisted that we sit down.
11: PROMISE
Promise + to + infinitive- He promised to arrive early.
Promise + (someone) + (that) + clause
- I promised him that I wouldn't do it again.
12: RECOMMEND*
Recommend + verb-ing- I recommend visiting the British Museum while you're in London.
Recommend + (that) + clause
- I recommend that you visit the British Museum
13: REMIND
Remind + someone + to + infinitive- She reminded him to take his keys.
Remind + someone + (that) + clause
- They reminded me that there is a party tonight.
14: SUGGEST*
Suggest + verb-ing- I suggest leaving soon
Suggest + (that) + clause
- I suggest that you come as soon as you can.
NOT:
I suggest him to come.
15: WARN
Warn + someone + (not) + to + infinitive- I warned them not to go in the water.
Warn + someone + about + something
- She warned us about the dangerous roads.
+ radna sveska, vezbe na strani 58
Unit 12A 12B
Unit 12A, student’s book, p. 94
Vocabulary- informal words and phrases
Grammar WISHES
Wish + (that) + past simple:
We can use 'wish' to talk about something that we would like to be different in the present or the future. It's used for things which are impossible or very unlikely.- I wish that I had a big house (I don't have a big house, but it's a nice idea!).
- I wish that we didn't need to work today (we do need to work today, unfortunately).
- I wish that you lived close by (you don't live close by).
- I wish that John wasn't busy tomorrow* (he is busy, unfortunately).
(*In formal writing, you will see 'were' instead of 'was' after wish. This is correct, but it's also fine to use 'was', in the same way as with the second conditional.
- 'I wish I were rich' or 'I wish I was rich'.)
We also use 'wish' with 'could' to talk about things in the present or future that we would like to be different. In this situation, 'could' is the past simple of 'can'.
Of course, we use 'can' to talk about ability - if we know how to do something or not. For example, 'I can speak Spanish' or 'I can't drive'. We also use 'can' to talk about possibility - if things are possible or not possible. For example, 'we can't come to the party tonight' or 'John can help you clean up'. We use 'could' with 'wish' to talk about ability and to talk about possibility.- I wish that I could speak Spanish (but, unfortunately, I can't speak Spanish).
- I wish that I could drive (I can't drive).
- I wish that we could go to the party tonight (unfortunately, we're busy so we can't go).
- I wish that John could help you clean up (John is at work, so he can't help).
Try an exercise about 'wish' here.
We don't usually use 'wish' in this way for things that are really possible in the future. Instead, we use 'hope'. Read more about 'hope' here.- I hope that you pass your
exam (NOT:
I wish that you passed the exam). - I hope that it's sunny
tomorrow (NOT:
I wish that it was sunny tomorrow). - I hope that Julie has a
lovely holiday (NOT:
I wish that Julie had a lovely holiday).
Wish + (that) + would:
On the other hand, we use 'would' with 'wish' in a little bit of a special way. It's generally used about other people who are doing (or not doing) something that we don't like and we want that person to change. It's not usually used about ourselves, or about something which nobody can change though, exceptionally, we do use it about the weather.- I wish that John wouldn't eat all the chocolate. (John does usually eat all the chocolate and I don't like it. I want him to change his behaviour!)
- I wish that the neighbours would be quiet! (They are not quiet and I don't like the noise.)
- I wish that you wouldn't smoke so much! (You do smoke a lot and I don't like it. I want you to change this.)
- I wish that you wouldn't work late so often.
- I wish that it would stop raining!
We don't usually use 'would' when there's no feeling that we want somebody to change their behaviour.
- NOT:
I wish that tomorrow would be a holiday.(Instead: I wish that tomorrow was a holiday.) - NOT:
I wish that I would work harder.(It's strange to use 'wish' + 'would' about yourself, as you can change your behaviour if you don't like it!)
Wishes about the past
Wish + (that) + past perfect:
We can use 'wish' with the past perfect to talk about regrets from the past. These are things that have already happened but we wish they'd happened in a different way. This use of 'wish' is very similar to the third conditional.- I wish that I had studied harder at school. (I didn't study hard at school, and now I'm sorry about it.)
- I wish that I hadn't eaten so much yesterday! (But I did eat a lot yesterday. Now I think it wasn't a good idea.)
- I wish that the train had been on time. (But unfortunately the train was late, and so I missed my interview.)
Other uses of 'wish'
Wish + to + infinitive:
We can use 'wish' with the infinitive to mean 'would like'. This is very formal. We don't usually use a continuous tense with 'wish' in this case.- I wish to speak to the headmaster. (This means the same as 'I would like to speak to the headmaster'.)
- I wish to go now.
Wish + object + to + infinitive:
In the same way, we can use 'wish' with an object and an infinitive.- I do not wish you to publish this article.
- I wish these people to leave.
Wish + somebody + something:
This is used mostly in set phrases.- I wished him a happy birthday.
- They wished us Merry Christmas.
+vezbe na strani 94 u knjizi in a strani 60, radna sveska
UNIY 12B
Vocabulary, p.96, student’s book, phrases with GET
THIRD CONDITIONAL
The Third Conditional
We make the third conditional by using the past perfect after 'if' and then 'would have' and the past participle in the second part of the sentence:
- if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle
It talks about the past. It's used to describe a situation that didn't happen, and to imagine the result of this situation.
- If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't study and so she didn't pass)
- If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I did feel sick).
- If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane
- She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier
- She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university
- He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine
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12C+ vezbe
Unit 12C, student's book
reading: The Real Spiderman
read and answer the questions
word building: verbs/nouns/adjectives
dodatne vezbe za ispit
I Rewrite the following sentences using the BE GOING TO or BE SUPPOSED TO form:
II Supply the following sentences with the modals CAN/MIGHT/MUST/CAN’T
1. He ________ live near here because he comes to work on foot. We’re sure it’s not far away.
2. Did you hear that? I think there ______ be a burglar downstairs. She’s not sure there’s a burglar but she thinks it’s possible.
3. Really? He has to work on Christmas Day? He _______ feel very happy about that.
4. ___________ you help me finish my homework please?
III Put the following sentences in REPORTED SPEECH
1. Bella doesn't collect stickers. _________________________________________
2. Mr Jones was rude to Samantha.______________________________________________
3. Do you want to dance? __________________________________________
4. When did you come? ________________________________________________
5. Can you help me? ______________________________________________________
6. Will Mandy have lunch with Sue? ___________________________________________
IV Rewrite the following sentences using the form WISH to express imaginary situations:
1. I can't play the piano.
2. I'm ill.
3. I don't have time to read lots of books.
4. It never stops raining here.
V Complete the following THIRD CONDITIONAL sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets:
· If they (listen) to me, we (be) home earlier.
· I (write) you a postcard if I (have) your address.
· If I (not / break) my leg, I (take part) in the contest.
· If it (not/ start) to rain, we (walk) to the museum.
· We (swim) in the sea if there (not / be) so many sharks there.
· If she (take) the bus, she (not / arrive) on time.
VI Put the words in brackets in a correct form:
1. I failed my test and it was a great ___________ (disappoint) for me.
2. I find most of the parents very ______________ (protect) of their children.
3. Which wine do you ___________? (preference) Red or white?
VI Circle the correct answer:
1. My job is very demanding/dull. I am a surgeon and I work long hours.
2. I am so fed on/up with this rain!
3. My husband is responsible for/of finances in his company.
VIII Correct the mistakes in the following sentences and rewrite the correct sentence:
1. If I had listen to her, I wouldn’t have spent all my money on this car.
2. I could do with a few days of.
3. I am completely broken at the moment. I have no money!